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In 1650 a French expedition from Martinique landed purchased extensive tracts of land in return for a few beads, knives, and hatchets. However, hostilities broke out as the French attempted to extend their control of the island. They defeated the Caribs, the last of whom leapt to their death off a precipice (named to this day "Le Morne de Sauteurs" or "Leapers' Hil") rather than surrender. In their attempt to keep the island from falling into British hands the French constructed Fort Royal, which eventually became Fort George when the island was permanently ceded to the British under the Treaty of Versailles in 1783. The British immediately imported large numbers of slaves from Africa and established sugar plantations. In 1795, however, British control was seriously challenged by Julian Fedon, a black planter inspired by the French Revolution. Under Fedon's leadership, the island's slaves rose up in a violent rebellion. In 1877 Grenada became a Crown Colony, and in 1967 it became an associate state within the British Commonwealth before gaining independence in 1974. In 1979, an attempt was made to set up a socialist state in Grenada. Four years later, the United States invaded the island. Following this "rescue mission," a general election re-established democratic government and free enterprise. Despite the island's long history of British rule, the island's French heritage (both colonial and revolutionary) survives in its place names, its buildings, and its strong Catholicism. Geography Grenada is a mountainous island covered with fragrant spice trees and rare tropical flowers which is why it is also called the Spice Island. It covers a total land area of about 433 square kilometres. The island has long been a major source of nutmeg, cloves, ginger, cinnamon, and cocoa. Grenada is bordered by a 121 km long coastline of stunning beaches and dotted with picturesque towns. Status The tri-island State of Grenada, including Carriacou and Petite Martinique, is an independent country since the 7th February 1974. Language English is the official language, french patois is still spoken. Currency The Eastern Caribbean Dollar EC$, linked to the US Dollar, is the local currency. Banks will exchange EC$2.67 for US$1.00 cash, and EC$2.68 for US$1.00 in travellers cheques. It is advisable to exchange currency at the banks, as the most favourable exchange rates may not be obtained elsewhere. Population: 110,000 |
